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Performance
A practical guide to Core Web Vitals
Three metrics that define user experience and search ranking — and how to improve each one, step by step.
Search engines use three core metrics to evaluate page experience, and each one describes something the user actually feels: when content appeared, when the page became responsive, and whether things jumped under their finger.
Metric one: LCP
Largest Contentful Paint measures when the biggest visible element in the first screen appears — usually the hero image or main heading. Target under 2.5 seconds.
The three highest-impact steps: compress the hero image and serve WebP, load it with high priority instead of lazy loading it, and reduce render-blocking CSS and JavaScript.
Metric two: INP
Interaction to Next Paint measures how quickly the page responds to input. The most common cause of a poor score is heavy JavaScript occupying the main thread.
The fix is fewer third-party libraries, deferring anything not needed for first render, and breaking long tasks into smaller chunks.
Metric three: CLS
Cumulative Layout Shift measures unexpected movement. The first cause is always images without declared dimensions; the second is web fonts loading late and changing text height.
Always set width and height on images, and reserve fixed space for anything that loads later.
Where to start
Start with images — they are usually more than half of page weight. Then audit third-party scripts and tracking tags. Then tune fonts. Those three fix most problems before any advanced optimisation is needed.
performance
speed
core web vitals
